The explosion was heard in munich, 275 km from the plant and caused panic among the masses. One of the worst ever chemical disasters was not a deliberate act. Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant 21 september 1921 oppau. The explosion was heard in munich, 300 km 185 mi away, ensuring that the world would no longer be in ignorance of the awesome destructive power of ammonium nitrate. Lessons to be learned from an analysis of ammonium nitrate. Ppt process safety management powerpoint presentation. We will see first the right way to read a pdf file on your telephone. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. In the 20 th century, an industrial zone developed around the azf plant. The lessons learned from the past 100 years of ammonium nitrate incidents can be used to improve design, operation, and maintenance procedures. The molecules break down and decompose into nitrogen gas oxygen gas and water.
Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500 part occupational health 3 examples of famous industrial accidents september 21, 1921. On the previous day, several firings were carried out in the building to use up a portion of the fertilizer. Professor walker teaches at truman college in uptown, chicago. Oppau, germany is in the palatine area, just a few miles northwest of mannheim, just a few miles from the rhine. See the list of programs recommended by our users below. High vod explosives are more suitable in hard rock and low vod in softer rock. Please see scan and use the zoomclose up feature to. Chemical industry explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser. Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant 21 september 1921 oppau rhenanie germany facilities involved facility. Ammonium nitrate its behaviour in a fire, and recent. See list of historical german and czech names for places in the czech republic. Node oppau 24666811 as label download xml view history. Adarkgreencloudovercast theskiesofludwigshafenandmannheim. There is now a lake and a plaque where the town stood.
Theentireregionwasthencoveredinthicksmokethatalongwith. Every day thousands of users submit information to us about which programs they use to open specific types of files. The greater the vod the greater the power or shattering effect of an explosive. Oppau, germany this photograph taken from a french airplane shows the devastation of the explosion at the chemical works at oppau, which resulted in the loss of 2,000 lives. Openstreetmap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license.
September 21, 1921, two powerful explosions occurred at the basf plant in oppau, germany. Get premium, high resolution news photos at getty images. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. This time, however, 9 million pounds of mixed ammonium nitrate and sulphate exploded with tremendous power. Pdf versions in english, french and korean available on. Nygaard, msc, chief engineer, yara industrial, porsgrunn, norway abstract ammonium nitrate an is the main ingredient in most industrial explosives, but it is estimated that as much as 8090% of the global annual production. Disasters manifest as hazards exacerbating vulnerable conditions and exceeding individuals and communities means to survive and thrive. There, the ammonium nitrate was considered so safe it was stacked outdoors. Media in category oppau explosion the following files are in this category, out of total. This included mainly a mixture of potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate in equal proportions.
Ammonium nitrate its behaviour in a fire, and recent changes to the fire code presentation at the iesse conference san diego, ca. A major disaster occurred in oppau, germany, on 21 september 1921 when an explosion of stored anbased fertilizer demolished the town and led to deaths of. The explosion killed 561 workers and residents of the town. Who was responsible for the oppau explosion in 1921. Get traffic statistics, seo keyword opportunities, audience insights, and competitive analytics for oppau. Most of oppau s buildings were destroyed, leaving 6,500 residents homeless. You can support the site by donating items stickers, papers, books, pdf, images and other items or financially using the paypal button below. Basf, oppau explosion, germany 1921 by bijoya deb on prezi. Oppau is in the center of each map, where the little pushpin is. This procedure had previously been used 16,000 times without mishap.
Root causes and contributing factors from ammonium nitrate incidents are categorized into 10 lessons. Most of oppaus buildings were destroyed, leaving 6,500 residents homeless. A large plant was in the east of it, on an island separated from azf by a narrow, shallow, rather stagnant arm of the river. Oppau factory explosion disasters of the century youtube. In order to receive a copy of the report here and now by email in pdf format, please. Oppau explosion, which occurred there in 1921 opawa, lower silesian voivodeship german. Hosting is supported by ucl, bytemark hosting, and other partners. On the catastrophic explosion of the azf plant in toulouse. Smith, evan rogers, ming yu chemistry department, university of rhode island, kingston, ri 02881, usa. The explosion occurred september 21, 1921, when a silo that was storing 4,500 tonnes of an ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer mixture exploded at the oppau plant in germany. Pdf format is one of the most prevalent formats for sharing documents. Oppau, germany this photograph taken from a french. On 21st september 1921 in oppau germany a fertilizer plant suffered a massive explosion that destroyed the entire town.
The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921 when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500600 people and injuring about 2,000 more the plant began producing ammonium sulfate in 1911, but during world war i when germany was unable to obtain the. September 21, 1921 oppau, germany an explosion at a factory producing ammonium nitrate kills between 500 to 600 and wounds another 2,000 the explosions exact cause is unknown as all involved died from the blast, but its believed to have been due to a practice of loosening ammonium nitrate an explosive fertilizer buildup with dynamite. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. This was tragically illustrated by the oppau accident germany in 1921. While we do not yet have a description of the opp file format and what it is normally used for, we do know which programs are known to open these files. Paris, tuesday 30 october 2001 press release explosion at. Called tanks bombs, according to american who inspected plant. Pdf ammonium nitrate an primarily is used as a fertilizer but it is also very. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921 when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. Who was responsible for the oppau explosion in 1921 answers. The disaster that befell the small german town of oppau in 1921 shows the danger of inductive reasoning the belief that because a particular outcome has prevailed up to now, it will carry on prevailing when dealing with matters of human health and safety.
Support us the oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammoniu. The following files are in this category, out of total. Oppau explosion 1921 industrial disaster in the weimar republic. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. All donations send to this specific paypal address will be used for acquiring books or. The explosion in oppau occurred on september 21, 1921 when 4500 tonnes of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizer exploded in the basf plant causing approximately 500 to 600 human casualties and injuring 2000 more. The influence of the mixed salt composition on the sensitivity to detonation impact. Friedricheberthalle is situated 3 km south of oppau.
By mihir raut proper proportions of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate. Read and edit pdf, doc or excel files on oppo how to android. Frankenthal is a town in southwestern germany, in the state of rhinelandpalatinate. Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500 powerpoint ppt presentation. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Material damagewasreportedatseveraldozensofkilometresawayfromtheaccidentsite. The facility built in 1911 over 8 hectares started to produce nitrogenous fertilizers two years later. At last, we will find out how to open an excel spreadsheet. The explosion resulted in 30 deaths, 2500 injuries, the destruction of the factory, and heavy damage to about 10,000 off site buildings. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Reducing the threat of improvised explosive device attacks by. Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of. When loading became a problem, the stack was broken up using dynamite. About 4,500 tons of the mixture were involved in the explosion, which created a crater 250 feet in diameter and 50 feet deep.
Sadly, the north americans hadnt learned from an earlier disaster at oppau, germany, in 1921. List of disasters a disaster is a natural or manmade event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry, often resulting in permanent changes to human societies, ecosystems and environment. The blast was felt for miles, damaging the factory. Kunstanstalt vok k rohr, mannheim ebay is written on postcard sleeve, not the photo. Acidic species, such as ammonium ion, hydronium ion or nitric acid, increase the rate of. The factory was blown to pieces and half of oppau was destroyed in the blast. National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine.
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